PEDIATRICS PEARLS: Indications for use of immune globulin intravenous (IGIV)

Indications for use of im m une globulin intravenous (IGIV):

§  Kawasaki disease

§  Acute bacterial or viral infections in immunocompromised or neutropenic patients.

§  Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

§  Primary immunodeficiencies

§  Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

§  Guillain-Barre syndrome

§  HIV infection:

-        Two bacterial infections within 1 year

-        Unable to make antigen -specific antibodies.

-        Hypogammaglobulinemia.

PEDIATRICS PEARLS: AGE AND APPEARANCE OF SINUSES

AGE AND APPEARANCE OF SINUSES

At birth: maxillary, anterior and posterior ethmoidal sinuses. They are present in utero. Only ethmoidal sinuses are pneumatized at birth.

5-6 years: frontal and maxillary sinuses. They begin to develop by age 1-2 years, but are not seen radiographically until 5-6 years of age. 

Frontal sinuses begin to develop at 7 -8 years of age and completely develop in addescence.

In a 4-year-old girl, all sinuses are present except frontal and sphenoidal. The maxillary sinuses are not pneumatized until 4 years of age.