PEDIATRIC MCQS
MCQ#01
A
full-term female neonate weighing 3,700 g is born to a 32-year-old woman with
hepatitis C virus infection. The mother was diagnosed during this pregnancy and
has not received antiviral therapy. Her human immunodeficiency virus test
results are negative. Her husband’s test results for hepatitis C virus
infection are negative. As a child, she received a blood transfusion after
sustaining an injury during a motor vehicle collision. She inquires about the
long-term prognosis if the baby were to acquire hepatitis C virus infection
from her.
Of
the following, you are MOST inclined to inform the mother that
A.
Decompensated cirrhosis in adulthood is likely
B.
Hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis is likely
C.
Rapidly progressive fibrosis in adulthood is likely
D.
Slowly progressive fibrosis in childhood is likely
E.
Spontaneous clearance of the virus in infancy is likely
MCQ#02
A
4-year-old boy is brought to the urgent care center for fever, vomiting,
diarrhea, and reduced urine output. On physical examination, the boy is alert
and able to answer some questions. He has a mildly elevated heart rate, normal
blood pressure, dry mucous membranes, and sunken eyes. You diagnose him with
acute gastroenteritis, and begin treatment with oral ondansetron and frequent,
small aliquots of oral rehydration solution (ORS). However, he resists any oral
intake and after 1 hour, has taken only 5 mL/kg of ORS. You order placement of
an intravenous (IV) line for hydration. Despite the staff’s best efforts, 3
attempts at placing an IV failed. His father is visibly upset and asks if there
is another option for giving his son fluids.
Of
the following, the BEST next step in managing this child’s dehydration is to
A.
Administer ORS via nasogastric tube
B.
Place an intraosseous line for hydration
C.
Reattempt oral rehydration using small aliquots of ORS
D.
Reattempt oral rehydration using small aliquots of water
E.
Request that a nurse from the intensive care unit place the IV line
MCQ#03
You
are evaluating a 10-day-old term newborn who is in the emergency department
because of decreased activity, poor feeding, and respiratory distress. The baby
was born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery with no pregnancy or delivery
complications. Maternal history is negative for premature or prolonged rupture
of membranes, group B Streptococcus colonization, genital herpes, hepatitis B
surface antigen, human immunodeficiency virus, and rapid plasma reagin.
The
newborn is critically ill and has a temperature of 35.3°C. He is in respiratory
failure and shock. Skin examination findings are normal. Laboratory data are
significant for leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular
coagulation, and severe hepatitis. A chest radiograph shows bilateral pulmonary
infiltrates. Blood and urine cultures were obtained, but the newborn is not
stable enough for lumbar puncture.
Of
the following, the BEST initial antimicrobial treatment is ampicillin,
cefotaxime, and
A.
Acyclovir
B.
Amphotericin B
C.
Oseltamivir
D.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
E.
Vancomycin
